Fish Feed Formulation Ingredients for Extruder-Made Pellets

Raw Material Impurity Control: Preventing Equipment Damage and Harm to Fish. Physical impurities such as metal, stones, and hair must be strictly removed from raw materials. These impurities cannot be broken down by the Dog Food Extruder machine and will directly wear down the screw, barrel, and die, shortening equipment lifespan and even causing jams and equipment malfunctions. Simultaneously, these impurities may scratch the fish's digestive tract, leading to disease. The screening process requires a multi-layer vibrating screen combined with a magnetic separator to remove metal impurities. After crushing, the material is screened again to ensure it is free of impurities. Furthermore, moldy substances in the raw materials (such as aflatoxin) must be strictly controlled. Even after high-temperature processing in the extruder, toxins in moldy raw materials cannot be completely decomposed and will still harm fish health. Moldy raw materials must be discarded, and the storage environment should be kept dry and well-ventilated to prevent moisture and mold growth.

Anti-Nutritional Factor Control: Improving Feed Digestibility and Safety. Anti-nutritional factors (trypsin inhibitors, gossypol) contained in plant-based raw materials (such as soybean meal and cottonseed meal) can inhibit the activity of digestive enzymes in fish, leading to slow growth. These must be removed through pretreatment. Soybean meal requires high-temperature detoxification treatment (110-120℃) to achieve a trypsin inhibitor removal rate of over 90%. The treated soybean meal is suitable for extrusion machine processes and will not inhibit starch gelatinization. Cottonseed meal needs to have gossypol removed, and its addition should be controlled below 5%, as excessive amounts can cause fish poisoning. Furthermore, the fiber in high-fiber raw materials (such as straw powder) hinders starch gelatinization and is not easily digested by fish; its addition should be ≤15% to avoid affecting the extrusion effect and feed digestibility.

Synergistic management of harmful substances and the extruder is crucial. If the oil in the raw materials oxidizes and deteriorates, it will produce harmful substances at the high temperature of the extruder. Fresh oil must be used, and its acid value must be tested before addition; substandard oil must not be used. If anti-nutritional factors are not completely removed, it will increase the load on the extruder; therefore, the raw material pretreatment time should be extended, and the extruder temperature should be increased by 5-10℃ to help decompose some anti-nutritional factors. Regularly clean the inside of the dog food manufacturing machine to prevent residues and harmful substances from accumulating inside and contaminating subsequent feed. Also, check the equipment's sealing performance to avoid long-term contact between raw materials and metal parts, which can produce harmful substances.

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